The AND function in Excel

Q: How do I use AND with IF?

Use AND as the test: =IF(AND(C2>=50000,E2="Yes"),"Bonus",""). IF returns its first result only when every condition inside AND is met.

AND returns TRUE only when every condition you give it is true, and FALSE if even one fails. On its own it gives a TRUE/FALSE answer, but its real job is inside IF: "pay the bonus only if sales hit target and the rep is certified". Expect it in almost any Excel test that has a rule with more than one part.

Syntax

=AND(logical1, [logical2], ...)

logical1	The first condition to check, like `C2>=50000` or `E2="Yes"`.
logical2, ...	Optional. More conditions, up to 255 in total. All of them must be TRUE for AND to return TRUE.

Try it yourself

This is a live spreadsheet. Type the formula and press Enter.

An employee qualifies for the leadership program with at least 2 years of service and a rating of 4 or higher. In E2, use AND to return TRUE or FALSE using the years in C2 and the rating in D2.

	A	B	C	D	E
1	Employee	Team	Years of service	Rating	Qualifies?
2	Mira Kovac	Finance	3	4
3	Tom Achebe	Sales	1	5
4	Lucía Ortega	Ops	6	3
5	Hiro Sato	IT	2	4
6	Fatima Zahra	Sales	4	5
7
8
9

Tip: Write one comparison for each rule, separated by a comma. "At least" and "or higher" both mean >=.

Examples

=AND(C2>=50000,D2>=120)→ TRUE

Amara hit both targets, $50,000 in sales and at least 120 calls, so AND returns TRUE.

=IF(AND(C4>=50000,E4="Yes"),"Bonus","No bonus")→ "No bonus"

Hana's sales are high, but she isn't certified. One failed condition is enough, so IF returns "No bonus".

=AND(C5>=40000,C5<=50000)→ TRUE

Two tests on the same cell check that a value sits inside a range. Luca's sales are between $40,000 and $50,000.

Example data

1	Rep	Region	Sales	Calls	Certified
2	Amara	North	52000	140	Yes
3	Diego	South	38500	165	Yes
4	Hana	North	61200	98	No
5	Luca	West	47800	152	Yes

Common mistakes

Writing a range like in math class
=40000<=C5<=50000 doesn't work in Excel. It compares the first part, gets TRUE, then compares TRUE with 50000, which gives the wrong answer. Write it as AND(C5>=40000,C5<=50000).
Expecting a label instead of TRUE/FALSE
AND only ever returns TRUE or FALSE. To show words like "Eligible", put AND inside IF: =IF(AND(...),"Eligible","Not eligible").
Using AND on whole columns in FILTER or SUMPRODUCT
AND(B2:B9="North",C2:C9>50000) returns one TRUE/FALSE for all the rows together, not one per row. Multiply the tests instead: (B2:B9="North")*(C2:C9>50000).
Mixing up AND and OR
AND needs every condition to be true. If the rule says "either" or "at least one", you want OR.

FAQ

What's the difference between AND and OR?+

AND returns TRUE only if all conditions are true. OR returns TRUE if at least one condition is true.

How do I use AND with IF?+

Use AND as the test: =IF(AND(C2>=50000,E2="Yes"),"Bonus",""). IF returns its first result only when every condition inside AND is met.

How many conditions can AND check?+

Up to 255. If you need more than a handful, a helper column or COUNTIFS is usually easier to read.

Lesson

Master AND step by step: AND, OR and NOT

Check several conditions at once with AND and OR, flip a result with NOT, and combine them inside IF.

Related functions

OR IF IFS COUNTIFS